Mental Models
The internal representations that allow the cognitive system to simulate situations, predict outcomes, and reason about how the world works.
Thinking and reasoning encompass the mental processes that allow us to form conclusions, evaluate evidence, build mental models, and solve problems. This domain explains how people use both intuitive and analytical strategies to interpret information, generate explanations, and navigate complex decisions.
The internal representations that allow the cognitive system to simulate situations, predict outcomes, and reason about how the world works.
The framework describing two distinct modes of cognitive processing: fast, automatic, intuitive operations (System 1) and slow, deliberate, analytical operations (System 2).
The cognitive process of extracting essential features from complex information while suppressing irrelevant details to form generalized, transferable representations.
The cognitive process of extending learned patterns, rules, or associations to new situations that share relevant features with prior experience.
The cognitive process of creating mental categories by identifying shared features across experiences and organizing them into coherent, meaningful groups.
The cognitive process of organizing stimuli, objects, or events into groups based on shared features, enabling efficient interpretation, prediction
The cognitive process of internally rehearsing actions, events, or scenarios to predict outcomes, evaluate options
TMental models in Johnson‑Laird’s framework are internal structural representations that people construct to simulate states of the world.
Cognitive flexibility is the capacity to shift mental sets, update strategies, and adapt behavior when rules or task demands change.